Méltányosság - Politikaelemező központ

Nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband, ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA október PDF Ingyenes letöltés

The case of Albanians in Southern Serbia local governments cannot do much about it. The fact that Albanian cannot be used in practice in many spheres of communication has also a gender aspect.

Type 1 diabetes forklaret.

It is especially a problem for Albanian women and children who often know very little Serbian, while the men in general have a good command of Serbian. It would not only improve their employment situation, but as a positive side effect it would provide the opportunity to implement the official use of Albanian more widely.

Nevertheless, in general, responsibility would lie more with local authorities for fulfilling the need for integration and official language use of Albanian, and the Serbian state would be less easily blamed for the lack of progress. One solution could be the delegation of these functions to municipal local governments, while the state could still sustain its control over the lawfulness and appropriateness of the conduct of these functions. At the same time, local authorities could have an influence over a kezelés 1.

típusú diabétesz practices in these institutions, as is the case in Macedonia. If the Serbian state insists on main­taining the district-level administration system, then it should be a priority 12 cukorszint achieve proportionate representation of Albanians and other minorities in these institutions. It would be also desirable to define districts corresponding to the needs of national minorities; in this case, the three municipalities of Preševo Valley could constitute one single district.

However, full implementation of language rights would re­ quire further action by the state, besides decentralization.

nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband

Economic situation Preševo Valley has been traditionally an economically neglected region in Serbia, with per capita income of less than one-third the Serbian average.

A lot of villages even today lack electricity, piped water, telephone and surfaced roads. In the last few years international donors have invested a lot of money in the local infrastructure, while the Serbian government gave most funding to the municipality of Medveða, which is the only Serb-majority area in the Valley.

This kind of investment policy of the state not only makes Albanians feel like second-class citizens of Serbia, but also remains a continued source of disappointment and instability.

Municipal local governments have been left out of the process, and Serbs took control of lucrative firms with the help of the centrally-controlled Privatisation Agency. According to local analysts, Albanians do not nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband equal chances to purchase companies. While in other parts of Serbia most firms have been sold already, in Preševo Valley very few companies have been privatised since At the same time, local municipal governments do not have many tools at their disposal to attract investment.

Globális korszakváltás? Alkotmánymódosítási kísérlet Novák Zoltán a parlamenti szavazás után fejtette ki véleményét az Inforádió riporterének. Választás után cimke: lakatos júlia, November 9-én, szerda reggel kor Lakatos Júlia az Atv Start című műsorában értékeli az amerikai választások eredményét.

They can offer breaks from local taxes, yet they cannot offer property for investors, since all public property is owned by the state. Therefore, increasing the role of local governments in local economic 32 ICG Report,op. The mu­nicipality of Vladičin Han and the BIA put political pressure on the Agency for Pri­va­ti­ sation to annul the auction, because Nexhat Beluli, an Albanian businessman from Nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband no­vac, wanted to buy it.

Nevertheless, as long as Kosovo remains in a legal limbo, southern Serbia will not be perceived as a stable environment, and investors will probably keep away. Other corrective measures needed Besides the problems discussed above, which can be to some extent associated with the lack of sufficient local autonomy, there are further concerns that could be addressed through means other than decentralization.

nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband

Such issues are related to education, refugee return and the presence of armed forces in the Valley that keep fuelling resentment among the local population. Education Preševo has eight Albanian primary schools, one Serbian and a mixed high school. Bujanovac has six primary schools and one high school, two of which are Serbian. A peculiar situation emerged in which diplomas received at Kosovar universities are accepted in practice sinceyet there has been no official decision in terms of legislation in Serbia.

The use of textbooks brought from Kosovo is allowed in practice, yet the curricula have not been harmonised with Serbian curricula.

nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband

Moreover, which particular books will be approved depends on ad hoc decisions of civil servants in Belgrade. On the whole, due to the lack of official regulation, the recognition of diplomas and permitting the use of textbooks depend on the goodwill of the central nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband.

This is not an ideal solution, since it keeps the Albanian minority vulnerable to the political mood of the central 34 ICG Report,op.

nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband

Refugee return Another grievance of local Albanians is the fact that many who fled the area to Kosovo during the conflict in cannot return. They cannot go back either because UNMIK papers are not recognised in Serbia or because most of the houses that were destroyed during the conflict have not been rebuilt.

Around 3, people from Bujanovac live as IDPs internally displaced persons in Kosovo currently, most of them in Gjilanje. Not only the policies of Milose- vic, but economic hardships also prompted mass emigration to Kosovo and to Western Europe, which was also characteristic of other minority communities in Serbia, such as the Hungarians.

In the former Yugoslavia, there were no borders between Serbia, Kosovo and Macedonia, and Albanians living along these three borders fostered intense social links with each other. A report commissioned by Freedom House38 urged the Serbian and the Kosovar governments, to improve economic ties and free movement of people along the Serbian-Kosovar border with the assistance of the European Union, which would require a change in trade and visa regimes in both countries.

Another aspect of this problem, however, which was not mentioned by the report, is that the Albanian population living on both sides of the Serbian-Kosovar border and the Serbian minority living in Kosovo would especially need the improvement of trade and visa regimes between Kosovo and Serbia.

Since the interests seem to be mutual, trade and visa regimes should be placed at the top of the negotiations agenda between Serbia and Kosovo.

The establishment of the multi-ethnic police force with the assistance of OSCE can be regarded as a real success. In the municipal police in Bujanovac, for instance, the chief of police is a Serb, but one of his deputies is an Albanian. Yet, at the district-level, which has its centre in Vranje and includes seven municipalities, Albanians are not represented at all.

nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband

However, essential policing power, with the right of carrying out searches and arrests still lies with the Gendarmerie, which is a special police body incorporating former members of the Serbian state security. The presence of the Gendarmerie is very intimidating for local Albanians, as they drive around in the villages brandishing their machine guns in a demonstration of force.

Méltányosság - Politikaelemező központ

Their active operation in a 5-kilometer-wide border zone with Kosovo and Macedonia see on map1 prevents the free movement of people within the area and the use of land. Local Albanians would prefer the buffer zone to be reduced to meters instead of 5 kilometres. Certainly the deployment of special forces in such high numbers in the area does suggest that the state relates to this population as a potential enemy, and such an attitude certainly does not help to build trust and stability in the region.

Therefore, one of the highest priorities for Cukorbetegség inzulinpumpa po­liticians is the demilitarisation of Southern Serbia. Moreover, although the multi-ethnic police has been created, its authority is limited compared to that of the Gendarmerie. Albanian po­li­ticians would prefer the local multi-ethnic police to guard the borders and for ethnic Albanians to be incorporated into border police bodies and custom services, which currently do not employ Albanians.

Local Albanian politics The issues explored above have to be addressed in the context of local politics.

ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA október 26.

Interestingly, the Albanian minority is among the few in Serbia that has not formed its own national council. It is an important fact, because according to the law on national minorities, national councils nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband the bodies through which cultural autonomy can be realised in Serbia. That they have failed to set up their national council is telling about their attitude towards the Serbian state and also about their internal political dynamics.

nemzeti ajánlások type sugger diaband

Part of the reason might be that forming their council would imply acceptance of the fact that their country is Serbia. ICG, The case of Albanians in Southern Serbia development, taking into account that they have boycotted all national election over the last 15 years.

The other reason why Albanian parties failed to form their national council was due to disagreements about who should be its leader. In the three municipalities of the Valley, Albanian parties together control 66 seats in local assemblies, out of which 34 belongs to PDD. The other Albanian parties do not want PDD to dominate the national council, which would be inevitable due to its numerical majority.

The failure to set up the Albanian National Council often serves as an excuse for Serbian authorities as to why many Albanian national minority rights, such as official language use, are not implemented in practice. Nevertheless, forming their national council would be the minimum Albanians could do to assert their minority rights.